"-gian" meaning in All languages combined

See -gian on Wiktionary

Suffix [Old English]

IPA: /ɡi.ɑn/
Etymology: From the fusion of Proto-West Germanic *-igōn, *-īgōn, *-agōn, *-ugōn, from Proto-Germanic *-gōną, equivalent to -iġ + -ian. Cognate with Old High German -igōn, -agōn, Old Norse -ga. Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*-igōn}} Proto-West Germanic *-igōn, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*-gōną}} Proto-Germanic *-gōną, {{af|ang|-iġ|-ian}} -iġ + -ian, {{cog|goh|-igōn}} Old High German -igōn, {{cog|non|-ga}} Old Norse -ga Head templates: {{head|ang|suffix}} -gian Inflection templates: {{ang-conj|-gian<w2/ge:0>}} Forms: weak [table-tags], -gian [infinitive], -gienne [infinitive], -giġe [first-person, present, singular], -gode [first-person, past, singular], -gast [present, second-person, singular], -godest [past, second-person, singular], -gaþ [present, singular, third-person], -gode [past, singular, third-person], -giaþ [plural, present], -godon [past, plural], -giġe [present, singular], -gode [past, singular], -giġen [plural, present], -goden [past, plural], -ga [imperative, past, present, singular], -giaþ [imperative, past, plural, present], -giende [imperative, present], -god [imperative, past], -egian [alternative], -igian [alternative]
  1. Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives, often with an intensive effect Tags: morpheme

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-gien"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-gen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ȝen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ȝhen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-wen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ewen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-owen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-iȝen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ien"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-yen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-igōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-igōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-gōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-iġ",
        "3": "-ian"
      },
      "expansion": "-iġ + -ian",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-igōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -igōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-ga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -ga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the fusion of Proto-West Germanic *-igōn, *-īgōn, *-agōn, *-ugōn, from Proto-Germanic *-gōną, equivalent to -iġ + -ian. Cognate with Old High German -igōn, -agōn, Old Norse -ga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gian",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gienne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-godest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-godon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giġen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-goden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-god",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-egian",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-igian",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-gian",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-gian<w2/ge:0>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English terms suffixed with -ig",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives, often with an intensive effect"
      ],
      "id": "en--gian-ang-suffix-bxpAMaY2",
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡi.ɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-gian"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-gien"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-gen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ȝen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ȝhen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-wen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ewen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-owen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-iȝen"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-ien"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ew"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "word": "-y"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ow"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ou"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-o"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ov"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-ie"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Scots",
          "lang_code": "sco",
          "word": "-y"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "-yen"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*-igōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *-igōn",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*-gōną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-gōną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "-iġ",
        "3": "-ian"
      },
      "expansion": "-iġ + -ian",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "goh",
        "2": "-igōn"
      },
      "expansion": "Old High German -igōn",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "-ga"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse -ga",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From the fusion of Proto-West Germanic *-igōn, *-īgōn, *-agōn, *-ugōn, from Proto-Germanic *-gōną, equivalent to -iġ + -ian. Cognate with Old High German -igōn, -agōn, Old Norse -ga.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "weak",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-conj",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "2",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gian",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gienne",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gast",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-godest",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-godon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giġe",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-gode",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giġen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-goden",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "past",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ga",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "present",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giaþ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past",
        "plural",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-giende",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-god",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-egian",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-igian",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "suffix"
      },
      "expansion": "-gian",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-gian<w2/ge:0>"
      },
      "name": "ang-conj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English class 2 weak verbs",
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English suffixes",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms suffixed with -ian",
        "Old English terms suffixed with -ig",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Used to form verbs from nouns and adjectives, often with an intensive effect"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "morpheme"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡi.ɑn/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-gian"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -gian meaning in All languages combined (9.0kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-02-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.